Pan evaporation is increased by submerged macrophytes

Abstract. The topic of evaporation estimates is fundamental to land-surface hydrology. In this study, FAO-56 Penman–Monteith equation (FAO56–PM), multiple stepwise regression (MLR), and Kohonen self-organising map (K–SOM) techniques were used for the estimation daily pan (Ep) in three treatments, where C was standard class A with top water, S a sediment covered bottom, SM containing submerged macrophytes (Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Najas marina), at Keszthely, Hungary, six-season experiment, between 2015 2020. modelling approach included six measured meteorological variables. Average Ep varied from 0.6 6.9 mm d−1 C, 0.7 7.9 S, 0.9 8.2 during growing seasons studied. Correlation analysis K–SOM visual representation revealed that air temperature global radiation had positive correlation, while relative humidity negative correlation SM. results showed MLR method provided close compliance (R2=0.58–0.62) observed values, but (R2=0.97–0.98) yielded by far closest match all pans. To our best knowledge, no similar work has been published previously using methods seeded estimation. current study differs previous neural networks even those pans sediments macrophytes. Their will be treated directly K–SOM, which more than simple filled clean tap water.